Raab
Registered User
- Oct 6, 2007
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You're citing an article from April. Of course there were few published pre-clinical animal studies of the different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at that point. 8 months later numerous studies have been conducted from pre-clinical in animals through Phase 3 trials in humans (with 45K+ participants in the Pfizer trial). The data has been published and can be reviewed by anyone, including independent vaccine experts. The FDA will continue to monitor any adverse reactions in real time and will call a halt to the rollout of any vaccine that raises concern based on the data.
The lessons from previous coronavirus vaccine attempts were known among the scientists developing the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Here's an article from September where the author discusses the results of numerous preclinical (animal) studies for SARS-CoV-2 and other relevant viruses.
Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies | Nature Microbiology
I'll see your study and raise you 2 more...
" However, the effect of Spike-specific immunity in protecting against lung injury mediated by immunopathological mechanisms is controversial. Cases of vaccine-induced immunity that help viral clearance and protect mice or ferrets against lethal challenge have been reported (58, 59). On the other hand, in African green monkeys the specific immune memory of SARS-CoV-1 induced by previous infection enhanced lung inflammation following a homologous challenge (60). Using Chinese rhesus macaques, Liu et al. (61) showed the protection of macaques against viral replication by an MVA-based vaccine. However, the same animals showed a concomitant enhancement of acute diffuse alveolar damage suggesting that S-specific immunity promotes Acute Lung Injury (ALI). In addition, in productively infected lungs, anti-Spike IgG caused severe ALI by abrogating a wound-healing macrophage response and TGF-ß production while promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and MCP1 followed by the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages (6). SARS-CoV-1 infection of Chinese macaques is generally characterized by prompt control of viral replication and appearance of mild lung lesions (61)."
"Based on the available data on COVID-19 patients and data from the previous SARS-CoV-1 and MERS outbreaks, there is substantial evidence that cross-reactive B and T cell responses may establish an unfavorable environment for the primary immune response to SARS-CoV-2 virus."
Is Cross-Reactive Immunity Triggering COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis?
"There is an urgent need to develop animal models that mimic the natural infection in humans. Vaccines need to be tested in animal models for their safety and efficacy. Some of the candidate vaccines have been tested in monkeys; however, they do not develop the severe symptoms that SARS-CoV-2 causes in humans."
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/739/pdf