I know I'm reaching way back here but I'm just catching up in this thread and this is important. There is a silver lining here, and I know it''s not a popular fact: Younger people are far less likely to buy into conspiracy and fake news than older people. A lot of this has to do with growing up with the internet - they tend to be more skeptical and can spot the obvious crap.
Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook
I'll hold off citing any of the graphs/findings specifically as it can wade into politics but it's important to understand that, no, younger people are not more susceptible to 'fake news', and they are not by a large margin.
If you are basing your belief that younger people aren't as prone to conspiracy theories and fake news on that one study then I would have to question it as that study focuses on two things that aren't as relevant to say an 18yo as they are to a 50yo and they are politics and Facebook.
I'm not saying it's an invalid study, it is actually rather interesting, but it focuses on a very specific event that is relevant to a very specific demographic with data from a very specific social media service. It is imo too specific to be able to garner an accurate opinion on whether young people as a whole are actually becoming more confused and susceptible to believing nonsense.
I would agree that older people are less likely to spot "fake news" and "obvious crap" but I would also argue that younger people are far more susceptible to being influenced from.. well.. influencers! If Kim Kardashian or PewDiePie or "insert latest Instagram craze here" were to say something along the lines of "maybe the world is flat, how do we know for sure that it's not? Just something to think about!" Then there is a very large section of younger people that would actually start to think about it!
When I was young 100% of my knowledge of the world came from my teachers and my parents. Now the internet has acquired a not so insignificant chunk of that responsibility. This is something that some people with a very specific agenda have figured out and intend to exploit.
The production quality and subtlety with which some of these productions are produced is mind boggling and ultimately quite convincing. Even someone like Joe Rogan talked on his podcast about some documentary that was made to debunk the moon landings and that it was so well made and convincing that it got him thinking! He most likely said that without an agenda or any intent but such is the influence based world we live in that a 15yo Joe Rogan fan might hear that, watch said documentary and suddenly we have another moon landing sceptic. Joe Rogan has a listenership of around 200million downloads per month!!
I'm not saying the future is doomed I'm simply saying if parents aren't careful and vigilant in monitoring and restricting their children's time online then their exposure to such content like conspiracy theories and fake news and on a slight tangent but no less insignificant pornography! It will have a detrimental affect on their beliefs, their attitude and most importantly their mental health.
This is all of course just my opinion, I have zero evidence to back any of it up, I am more than happy to be proven wrong, tbh I hope I am wrong but that study isn't enough for me.