I've been reading up on the vaccine a bit more, I'm going to write what I understood here.
@Treb feel free to correct or elaborate.
As we all have come to hear, this is an mRNA vaccine. mRNA is the messenger to tell a cell what protein to make. What makes COVID such a nasty virus is the protein that surrounds the virus is what it uses to infect your body by entering the cells. Back to the vaccine: the mRNA tells the body to code this COVID protein (not the virus, just the protein that surrounds the virus) which then alerts your immune system to react to this foreign protein and attack it. You may as a result have symptoms like fever, or muscle soreness but that is only a response from your immune system to destroy the protein, not the virus since we are not injected with the virus.
Like we have been accustom to hearing, once the body learns to fight off this protein, and it will take time once vaccinated for the body to be able to learn and adapt to fighting the protein, it will then be able to quickly recognize the COVID protein should we be infected with COVID and quickly fight the protein before it spreads to far and fast into our bodies.
I think this is where the two shots comes from, is that after one time, your body learns to fight it, but the memory of it isn't that strong to fight COVID if you get infected 3 months later (maybe due to the infectiousness of COVID, this I don't know). By having a second shot, having a "refresher" course on how to fight the protein, it leaves a longer, more lasting impression on how to fight the protein. If your body can fight the protein, the virus doesn't have a chance to replicate within your body.
Treb, can you explain why we are still contagious with COVID after the vaccine if the purpose of fighting the protein is to not allow the virus to setup shop in your body. How is it able to jump to another host?