For me, motorcycle insurance ranged from about half to a little more than half of what I pay for my car insurance. The thing about motorcycle insurance is the size of the engine seems to play a significant role in the price. That's what I've read online and just looking back at my emails with my insurance broker, it seems to back that up. Last year when I upgraded my motorcycle, my broker gave me a quote on a bike with a smaller engine and when I corrected him, it suddenly went up $200 with everything being pretty much the same between the two models
If internet lore is to be believed, 1000cc seems to be the magic threshold between cheap and expensive insurance and my experience suggests that's true.
As for safety gear, I would say for
everything you should be able to keep it under $800-1000 if you're looking for quality, new, regular priced stuff, though you can save quite a bit of money if you buy used or wait for end-of-season sales. I would be hesitant to buy a second hand helmet unless you know it hasn't been used (particularly dropped), but you can score some good deals on second hand jackets. If you're not in any rush, fortnine.ca has some great deals during Black Friday and Boxing Week or when they're just clearing out old inventory or discontinued items. If I waited to get my leather jacket on Boxing Day, I would have saved over $200. They have a lot of great reviews and recommendations on their YouTube channel too.