I think the big difference is *when* Crosby missed his time. Crosby missed the most games during what would have been not just his prime, but his PEAK. Guys like Gretzky, Howe, Orr, and honestly maybe even Lemieux, largely started to see their injuries show up outside of their peak.
None of this is true.
Howe's biggest injury was in 1950. He was 22 years old and had yet to win any trophy. The brain hemorrhage impacted his memory and focus the entire next season. He broke his wrist in 1955 (which hampered him the rest of his life), at age 27.
Lemieux's back problems started in 1989-90 (in earnest) when he was 24.
Gretzky first hurt his shoulder in 1983-84 (during his 51 game point streak) at age 23 and never got back his ability to drive to the net. He majorly injured his knee in 1988 (age 27) and was noticeably slower the rest of his career. Let alone his back injury in 1991 (age 30) which ended his prime and caused him to publicly contemplate retirement.
Orr first hurt his knee as a rookie (age 18) and talks in his book that he never fully regained his speed. He torn it again in 1973 (age 25), ending his prime. There's a distinct difference in his play pre and post-1973 knee injury.
All of these injuries were during prime play and in the case of Orr and Howe, their big injuries were pre-prime.