I belive its pretty simple.
USA and Canada are huge countries with alot of people living in them. They are bound to get more talents then the rest of the world.
And every countries has their good and bad years.
Sweden is an exception tho. Only 9 million people and 20% of them are foreigners.
Yet they produce alot of awesome players.
Finland are just having really bad years right now. And so on..
I think it has more to do more with funding in sports programs. Obviously, hockey is Canada's past-time so it's only logical that the government is willing to invest heavily on developing hockey talent. I'm not so sure about the US where hockey is no. 4 on the sports list. My educated guess would be that because the US was the richest nation in the world, they're willing to invest heavily in hockey programs as well but only in certain areas. Furthermore, 24 of the NHL's 30 teams are in the US.
It makes sense for Sweden to invest a good amount of money on hockey programs because I believe that Soccer(Football) and Hockey are mainstay sports in Sweden(with handball being in a distant 3rd), I could be wrong. However, Finland is questionable regarding their talent since their case is similar to that of Sweden's, it's either Soccer or Hockey. Then again, f1nn may have said it best:
Finland has definitely been experiencing a dry spell in talent lately, but imho we're starting to produce more quality players now.. Granlund, Vatanen, Pulkkinen, Armia.. I've been impressed with Finland's play so far this year (although we are missing our best player) and hope we can continue the trend.. The problem is at the junior level a country of 5 million people is of course going to be hardpressed to ice a competitive team each year when playing against much bigger countries... there's just not enough depth
I also seem to remember talking with a fan in Norway asking him about hockey in Norway and why they don't churn out any NHL talent and he said that it was a combination of Norwegians loving their Alpine sports more and the government willing to spend more on Alpine sports and soccer while leaving hockey with the leftovers.
J17 vs Proclamation's post makes sense when he talked about a part of Russia's problem is political. I do believe that politics is a big growth stunt to talent development in Russia and, perhaps, incompetence/corruption at the top also playing a huge part as to why Russia's on the decline right now.
As for the Czech Republic and Slovakia, I do remember somebody talking about them in the Olympics about how everyone's leaning towards soccer and handball more than hockey and that Slovakia's effort was also an effort to get themselves back on the hockey map.
Both Switzerland and Germany are on the rise with developing North American Capable talents in Germany like Sturm, Goc, Seidenberg, Abeltschauser, Kuhnhackl, Pielmeier, and Switzerland like Hiller, Streit, Sbisa, Wick, Weber, Josi, Niederreiter, and Bartschi mainly because they have a bigger economy than Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Norway despite the fact that hockey is no. 3 in both countries behind soccer and motorsports in Germany and soccer and alpine sports in Switzerland. Furthermore, Swiss players are being coached and developed by Canadians like Ralph Krueger(formerly) and Chris McSoreley and that's why you see Team Switzerland play a fusion of both European and North American styles in the Olympics than a pure European style of game.
In short, I think it's more about how much money you have as a country and how much you're willing to spend on developing hockey talent through your hockey program if you have one. These are just my thoughts and no thought is perfect.