Finnish and most other european sport clubs work in the fashion having lot of different age groups U8, U10, U12, U14, U16, U18, U20 for example. And then the teams are assigned by players skill level for example D20 being the lowest and A20 being the best team in that age group. The players are free to choose from all the clubs that want them so basically a free market but most often players will choose the club based on the location and potential growth options. Basically a player from Oulu can sign with a club from Tampere and play his professional career in there.
In Finland only the U20A and the senior team is controlled by a commercial company(Liiga clubs) while the rest of the juniors play for the non-profit registered association.