There are basically mainly 3 types of treatments (with variations) usually used in conjunction. Radiation, Chemo and surgery. Radiation is used to either shrink a tumor and/or kill any remaining cancer cells after surgical removal in the affected area. Chemo is typically used to kill any remaining cancer cells and to make sure it hasn't/doesn't spread to other parts of the body. Surgery is used to remove any cancerous cells / tumors.
By catching it early, the same types of treatments are typically used, but the area of treatment is confined (sometimes, surgery isn't even needed even though it's the most effective method) so less of the colon is impacted (and in some surgical cases removed) and the risk of it spreading to other parts of the body is less. So basically, catching it early means less radiation, less chemo, less impact of surgery and less of a chance of it spreading. Hopefully with Eddie they found it early because chances of survival is much higher and the treatments will be less severe.
My wife's cousin, who is in his 30s is was just recently diagnosed and is going through chemo and radiation in hopes that he doesn't need surgery, but he said there's maybe a 25% change he won't need it. The radiation and chemo is really taking a toll on him though.
My wife and I just recently got our colonoscopies. The procedure itself was a breeze. The knocked me out and the next thing I know I'm waking up in bed after a good nap. The prep though, man, that sucked. The stuff they give you to "cleanse" is god awful and it works as advertised.