Over the sample of the 2009-2010 season through the 2014-2015 NHL season, Toews led the NHL in Evolving Hockey's Goals Above Replacement.
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Right off the bat, I'd say that he was clearly behind Datsyuk and Crosby, who were both comfortably ahead of him on a per-minute or per-game basis. I don't think anybody would seriously disagree that Toews was better than either of those players, so we can probably start off at #3 and work our way backwards from there.
Now, people will inevitably bring up points, but Toews' was 17th in points per game over this sample, and the gap between Toews and the 12th ranked player was only 0.03. Here are those players:
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I think we can all agree that Giroux, Perry, Thornton, and Tavares were well behind Toews, since the offensive gap was tiny and the defensive gap was certainly much bigger in Toews' favor, and I think that we can agree that no forward who was out-scored by Toews was a better player than him, except maybe Anze Kopitar whose PPG also rounded to 0.91. That leaves Malkin, Stamkos, Ovechkin, H. Sedin, MSL, Backstrom, Kane, D. Sedin, Getzlaf, Zetterberg, and Kopitar.
The thing about Toews is that his offense is actually extremely underrated by points per game. Among those players, only Malkin, Stamkos, and the Sedins actually scored 5-on-5 points or 5-on-5 primary points at a higher rate than Toews.
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The difference between Toews and these 4 is also pretty small; his scoring rate and primary scoring rate were both within 93% of every one of these players, so it's not like they were leagues ahead of him. Furthermore, outside of Malkin, the 3 ahead of him all had the benefit of playing with an elite linemate for the vast majority of this sample, while Toews played with Kane for less than half of it. I think it makes sense that GAR which adjusts for context suggests that Toews' isolated impact on his team's even strength scoring rates was higher than that of all of these players, although I think that GAR is probably selling Malkin short at the very least and maybe Stamkos as well.
It is the power play where Toews falls well behind all of these players; both because he has by far the lowest ice time and the lowest scoring rate of all of these players.
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The ice time is a coach's decision that shouldn't be held against him, and while I do think the scoring rate is concerning, I think that a large portion of this is due to the role that Toews was used in on the PP; Toews spent more time in the bumper role than most of these guys, and regression analysis suggests Toews still had a strong impact on his team's PP scoring rates. His goal scoring rate was middle of the pack and close enough to everybody besides Ovechkin and Stamkos, and that's what he was mainly asked to do on the PP. I think he was probably the weakest PP player of the bunch, but I do think the gap between he and the rest of these players is overstated by these numbers; I don't think he did that much worse of a job at getting his job done on the PP than the rest of these guys did, if that makes sense.
Comparing PP and 5V5 numbers is pretty subjective, but I feel pretty comfortable saying that if you are better offensively and defensively at even strength than another player, then you are better, even if they're better on the PP, unless there is some astronomical gap on the PP, and I think Toews was far better defensively than all of these guys besides Kopitar. I don't think that there is an astronomical gap on the PP between Toews and any of these guys save for maybe Backstrom, Stamkos, and Ovechkin. However, a suspiciously large portion of Backstrom's scoring came from secondary assists, and Ovechkin/Backstrom were also far enough behind Toews offensively at 5-on-5 that for me that I think Toews was clearly better than both players.
So, that disqualifies Ovechkin, Backstrom, Kane, MSL, Getzlaf, Zetterberg, and leaves only Kopitar, Malkin, Stamkos, and the Sedins. I think the Sedins had a huge benefit from playing with one another, and both of their 5-on-5 primary scoring rates were still less than that of Toews; they only have the edge due to secondary assists which are probably largely influenced by the amount which they passed the puck to one another. Toews being better defensively out-weighs the gap in PP scoring, in my mind. I think Kopitar was actually better defensively than Toews, and this is supported by the metrics, but I think Toews was better offensively, and by a slightly bigger margin, so I'd take Toews over Kopitar. This just leaves Malkin and Stamkos, which largely comes down to personal preference. Malkin and Stamkos were probably the better offensive players, but the fact that they had lower offensive GAR at even strength, and only slightly higher scoring rates than Toews at 5v5, makes me skeptical of just how big the offensive gap really was. I'd take Toews over either player, but I can understand if somebody preferred Stamkos' insane goal scoring ability, or Malkin's dynamic offensive skills.
TL;DR I have Crosby and Datsyuk clearly ahead of Toews over this sample, but I have Toews slightly ahead of Kopitar/Malkin/Stamkos, and I have him clearly ahead of every player besides those guys. So, somewhere between 3-6, and #3 for me. (I didn't look at defenseman or goalies, but I'm confident that Toews was better than any defenseman or goalie over this sample.) Toews' offense gets really underrated due to the way that the coach used him on the PP.