No, the Bengals did absolutely nothing after that sequence. Burrow proceeded to get sacked because Donald bull-rushed the offensive lineman right into Burrow, and they settled for a field goal. After that, it was all Rams and, more specifically, all Donald.
Collinsworth was saying it immediately after it happened: why wake up the beast? You've had him relatively contained all night long, now you just pissed him off and it was evident immediately following the dust-up that Donald found another gear.
Just stupid on the part of the Bengals. Burrow was fine, you don't need to attack Donald after that. It was a perfectly legal shove, too. Not like Burrow was out of bounds and it happened. Maybe if Donald doesn't push him out, Burrow continues on down the field for more yards. Stupid, stupid play on the part of the Bengals.