Goaltenders who started as skaters

Canadiens1958

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Paper

The conformity in sentence structure and wording of the offside rules posted in #38 is hardly coincidence, is it?

Legal type documents get copied or adapted for various uses without knowledge of the activities involved.

Thou shalt not kill can be copied, adapted to Thou shalt not fly to the moon, without the act of killing influencing the act of flying to the moon.

The operative claim is one of the influence of field hockey on ice hockey rules. Paper copying is simply convenience, not struggling with the wording, etc. It does not represent influence.

Further complicated by the fact, that field hockey only surfaced in Canada years later - first recorded Canadian game in 1896.

Paper copies of rules may have been transported in various fashions across oceans but they seem to have been used as working copies to facilitate writing the rules and not field tested by observing actual field hockey games in Canada, more specifically Montreal.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
This is not a primary source document, but if true would indicate that the position of "goaltender" is as old as the game itself (actually older than what Iain would define as "organized hockey"):
I wouldn't doubt it. Bear in mind my definition is not intended to exclude earlier versions of the game from discussion, it has the particular purpose of defining what is identifiable "hockey" in the sense that we now use the term.

Edit: That link seems to be to the "Windsor Hockey Heritage Museum" in Nova Scotia, which claims Nova Scotia to be the "birthplace of hockey," a claim that I know is controversial
You do need to be mindful when referencing that site, their standards of evidence vary wildly.

Iain, do you happen to know if it was the goal judge's job to determine if the puck was too high when it went between the posts to count or what the rule there was? I remember reading elsewhere that the ref would determine if the puck went in too high, but that doesn't make sense when there were goal judges. Also, what was too high?
Originally, it's unclear as to what was too high. The 1877 rules don't say anything about the size of the goals. The 1886 rules specify 6 feet high by 6 feet wide. The 1887 rules (for the first AHAC season) change that to 4 feet high and 6 feet wide. That was found to be an agreeable size, apparently.

Originally, the umpires made all decisions about what went on, on the ice. The original rules borrowed a scheme from lacrosse where the two umpires had authority for all decisions, and the referee was there only to break ties between the umpires. This is one of the more interesting bits I undercovered when working on the book, the persistent eroding of the powers of the umpires in favour of the referee. They went from deciding everything, to only being responsible for telling the referee that the puck entered the net, with the ref having the authority to actually award a goal.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
Field testing the rules

The rules were not settled when they started playing in 1875, still work needed to get them into shape. For instance, in the earliest matches they played nine men per side: four forwards, two half-backs, two back and one goalkeeper. Over time this was reduced to seven, which was the standard by 1882, having dropped one half-back and one back from the lineup.
 

Canadiens1958

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Evidence

It's the first recorded, organized game.

Even McGill does not claim that hockey was invented at McGill, just noting that several McGill students (including Creighton) were involved with it.

It's certainly possible that Creighton et al worked out some of the game at McGill before March of 1875. If you had evidence to that effect it would be a useful addition to the research.

Evidence is rather interesting

You admit the posiibility that Creighton et al worked out some of the game at McGill before March 1875. Some of the game would include a formative appreciation of what is acceptable and what is unacceptable, what makes the game interesting and competitive or dull and unattractive.

So there is a base for rules in place as early as March 1875.

January 1876 is 10 months after March 1875. Yet January 1876 is when the Field Hockey Association codified its rules.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(field_hockey)

So how could rules put together in January 1876 influence the game of ice hockey that Creighton and others were playing at McGill in March 1875?

The Field hockey rules may have come in handy as text that was easy to work with and adapt but as the link shows it was codified later.
 
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Iain Fyffe

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Hockey Association

The Hockey Association was formed in 1875, however its rules were drawn from the Teddington Hockey club, which had existed since at least 1871. Refer to Nevill Miroy's The History of Hockey, for example. (That's field hockey.) It's a better source than an uncredited statement on wikipedia.

As demonstrated in post #38, the text of the offside rule, for example, originated in association football rules from the 1860s.

I address these issues in the book.
 

Canadiens1958

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Thank You

The Hockey Association was formed in 1875, however its rules were drawn from the Teddington Hockey club, which had existed since at least 1871. Refer to Nevill Miroy's The History of Hockey, for example. (That's field hockey.) It's a better source than an uncredited statement on wikipedia.

As demonstrated in post #38, the text of the offside rule, for example, originated in association football rules from the 1860s.

I address these issues in the book.

So text has its roots in association football(soccer) rules via field hockey.

Field hockey never had any direct influence on ice hockey.
 
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Theokritos

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The facts stand. We have a contemporary statement from February 1876 that explicitly says they used Hockey Association rules and 12 months later the first written ice hockey rules happen to read almost like a copy of the World Association rules. Whether one wants to call that "influence" or not is up to the individual.

What I find interesting and impressive is that the Hockey Association rules seem to have been published in January 1876 in London and in early February they were already available and acknowledged in Montreal. Those who organized that third recorded ice hockey game must have watched narrowly on what was going on in the realm of stick and ball games in the old country and/or must have had personal connections to the people in charge of the Hockey Association.
 

Iain Fyffe

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Field Hockey vs Football influences

The suggestion that field hockey itself contributed nothing to the Montreal rules, that it was just a conduit for association football rules, is unsupportable.

For example look at Montreal Rule 1: The game shall be commenced and renewed by a Bully in the centre of the ground....

Compare this to:

Hockey Association Rule 3: The game shall be commenced and renewed by a bully in the centre of the ground....

Football Association Rule 3: After a goal is won, the losing side shall be entitled to kick off....

There's no such thing as a bully in association football. The bully comes from field hockey, and eventually developed into the faceoff we know today. In soccer, the play was started with a kickoff, not a bully.


As another example, look at Montreal Rule 3: The ball may be stopped, but not carried or knocked on by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder. Charging from behind, tripping, collaring, kicking or shinning shall not be allowed.

And compare it to:

Hockey Association Rule 7: The ball may be stopped but not carried or knocked on by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder. The ball shall be played from right to left, and no left or back-handed play, charging, tripping, collaring, kicking or shinning be allowed.

Football Association Rule 10: Neither tripping nor hacking shall be allowed, and no player shall use his hands to hold or push his adversary.

Obviously soccer would contain no prohibition against raising the stick above the shoulder, since there were no sticks. The prohibition against shinning comes directly from field hockey, since again this is a stick foul, and soccer has no sticks.

So, you can't say field hockey had no influence on the first ice hockey rules. The influence is clear, if you examine the rules.
 

Killion

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Those who organized that third recorded ice hockey game must have watched narrowly on what was going on in the realm of stick and ball games in the old country and/or must have had personal connections to the people in charge of the Hockey Association.

Its possible sure but the dates still dont match up, and there are numerous accounts that the Rules as Drafted by Creighton were as much based on Rugby as the suggestion they were based on Field Hockey as the actual players of the game themselves were well acquainted with Rugby (no forward passing etc and yes, aware that existed in FH as well). Creighton himself was a native of Nova Scotia & attended University himself in Halifax, and unless totally missed, he never traveled to the UK so how would he be even remotely familiar with the game of Field Hockey? Why would he just lift verbatim those rules for a hybrid game like ice hockey, with the field hockey rules themselves in point of fact based on British Football?...

The "designated position of Goaltending" has been ascribed, accredited to & borrowed from Lacrosse as are the actual Goals (posts, pre-net) themselves in several accounts that Ive read yet no mention of what is clearly a key position in the Rules, scoring goals the very key objective of the game but for the amendments made later. Others who have claimed authorship of the Rules and who do claim that Rugby Rules were the basis for the game of hockeys rules have been dismissed as being "unreliable, fictional accounts" by individuals with what motive to do so no reasons are given. No explanation. Just dismissed when apparently theyve gotten themselves muddled up with dates.

Having read & reviewed the material available, Im still convinced theres a whole lot more Rugby than Field Hockey going on here with this story however, I'll order a copy of Iain Fyffes Book, keep an open mind. ;)
 

Theokritos

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Its possible sure but the dates still dont match up

Which dates fail to match up?

Creighton himself was a native of Nova Scotia & attended University himself in Halifax, and unless totally missed, he never traveled to the UK so how would he be even remotely familiar with the game of Field Hockey?

It's not necessary that he traveled to the UK himself, it's enough if one of the people in his social environment did. Or someone from the UK travelled to Canada and got to know Creighton or one of his acquaintances. Neither option is a far-fetched scenario to postulate for 1870s Canada.

Why would he just lift verbatim those rules for a hybrid game like ice hockey

If you read the rules (post 38) then it's hard to deny that Creighton (or whoever it was) did just that. How else is it possible that many sentences are pretty much 1:1 identical?
 

Canadiens1958

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Chronology

Which dates fail to match up?



It's not necessary that he traveled to the UK himself, it's enough if one of the people in his social environment did. Or someone from the UK travelled to Canada and got to know Creighton or one of his acquaintances. Neither option is a far-fetched scenario to postulate for 1870s Canada.



If you read the rules (post 38) then it's hard to deny that Creighton (or whoever it was) did just that. How else is it possible that many sentences are pretty much 1:1 identical?

Chronology and the fact that Creighton and other McGill athletes played rugby, soccer or the new football and hockey as early as 1875.

Key dates include 1874 - Harvard vs McGill football game under codified and unified rules:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football

So McGill athletes had access to the American football mainstream as it was, the rules, the founding documents from 1861 and football rule text and structure.

This links back to 1861. The link you propose, from January 1876 to February 1876 is rather tenuous.

In the heart of a Canadian winter, McGill students away for the mid term break, transatlantic travel limited to the oceans, rivers, yet the St. Lawrence would completely freeze over(no ice breakers) well before Montreal, yet somehow the Field Hockey rules make it over and into the hands of the appropriate McGill student athletes. The appropriate people then converged to Montreal in time to adapt, test, write, the rules for the first week of February.
 

Theokritos

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In the heart of a Canadian winter, McGill students away for the mid term break

McGill students or not, there were enough hockey interested and hockey playing people on site at Montreal in February 1876. That's not a tenuous claim, it's a fact, after all they played a game there and then.

transatlantic travel limited to the oceans, rivers, yet the St. Lawrence would completely freeze over(no ice breakers) well before Montreal, yet somehow the Field Hockey rules make it over

Obviously, otherwise the Montreal Gazette wouldn't have been able to claim the game was "conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules" in its February 7th 1876 edition.

The appropriate people then converged to Montreal in time to adapt, test, write, the rules for the first week of February.

Not sure they adapted (in the sense of changed) and re-wrote much in 1876 while they certainly did it later for the 1877 rules. Did they test it? Maybe they did, maybe not. Maybe the game itself was the test. Fact is that we have a contemporary testimony in the Montreal Gazette that the brand new Hockey Association rules were already known and used. That's a primary source hard to argue with.
 

TheDevilMadeMe

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In the heart of a Canadian winter, McGill students away for the mid term break, transatlantic travel limited to the oceans, rivers, yet the St. Lawrence would completely freeze over(no ice breakers) well before Montreal, yet somehow the Field Hockey rules make it over and into the hands of the appropriate McGill student athletes. The appropriate people then converged to Montreal in time to adapt, test, write, the rules for the first week of February.

I thought maybe they could have been sent by telegram, but I guess the text of the rules are probably too detailed for that.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
Its possible sure but the dates still dont match up, and there are numerous accounts that the Rules as Drafted by Creighton were as much based on Rugby as the suggestion they were based on Field Hockey as the actual players of the game themselves were well acquainted with Rugby (no forward passing etc and yes, aware that existed in FH as well).
I suspect you're talking about the various claims made by Richard Smith, William Fleet Robertson and Chick Murray. All of them made long after the fact, all of them containing assertions contradictory to recorded historical facts.

The thing is, you're just repeating claims. That's one of the reasons I decided to do the book, to try to clear up all these various claims, find some actual evidence. Frankly I was surprised no one had done it before. The timelines and the textual evidence clearly support field hockey being the source, and rebut the claims of rugby influence. Hopefully, when you've read the book, you'll stop repeating the unsupported claims.

In fact, we do not know who drafted the original rules. All we can say is that Creighton is the most likely candidate. He never claimed the honour for himself so far as we know. But the stories told by Smith, Robertson and Murray almost certainly cannot be true because they conflict with the facts.

Others who have claimed authorship of the Rules and who do claim that Rugby Rules were the basis for the game of hockeys rules have been dismissed as being "unreliable, fictional accounts" by individuals with what motive to do so no reasons are given. No explanation. Just dismissed when apparently theyve gotten themselves muddled up with dates.
What motive would they have? What motive would they have to claim they were the one who first invented the game that became the most popular sport in the country?

And they don't need a motive. It's entirely possible that they believed their stories when they told them. The earliest one was Smith, 30 years after the fact. Murray's claim was much later than that.

And it's not just the dates. If you'd read the blog post, you'd know that although there are claims of rugby influence, in fact all of the rules text comes from other sources. Even the closest thing you have to rugby, the offside rule, is different, as I've already explained in this thread.

Also, why don't you wait to read the book before deciding why the claims were dismissed? I don't appreciate the implication that I'm just dismissive of the claims. I've got bloody good reasons to be.

Chronology and the fact that Creighton and other McGill athletes played rugby, soccer or the new football and hockey as early as 1875.
Great. And once we get some evidence, possibilities can become facts.

You are forgetting that Creighton was from Halifax, a port city. Some in the Nova Scotia camp suggest that although this version of hockey was first played in Montreal, that Creighton already had the idea for the rules when he came from Halifax, in 1872. There's no direct evidence for this claim, which means there's as much evidence for it as anything you've suggested. I personally doubt it, but I can't discount it.

yet somehow the Field Hockey rules make it over and into the hands of the appropriate McGill student athletes. The appropriate people then converged to Montreal in time to adapt, test, write, the rules for the first week of February.
So you missed/ignored the part where I mentioned the HA rules were based on the Teddington club rules, which existed before the Hockey Association?

Not sure they adapted (in the sense of changed) and re-wrote much in 1876 while they certainly did it later for the 1877 rules. Did they test it? Maybe they did, maybe not. Maybe the game itself was the test.
Indeed, given that the teams involved were essentially Victoria Skating Club A and Victoria Skating Club B, it does have the feel of a test match. Up until the day before, they had apparently intended to use a ball, the puck being an innovation.

Fact is that we have a contemporary testimony in the Montreal Gazette that the brand new Hockey Association rules were already known and used. That's a primary source hard to argue with.
Indeed. The Hockey Association rules were known in 1876, they were referred to as such in a Montreal newspaper in that year, the very same year that wikipedia claims they were codified! News travels faster than some would assume, apparently. Add to that the fact that the rules existed before that time, and there you go.
 

Canadiens1958

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Again

McGill students or not, there were enough hockey interested and hockey playing people on site at Montreal in February 1876. That's not a tenuous claim, it's a fact, after all they played a game there and then.



Obviously, otherwise the Montreal Gazette wouldn't have been able to claim the game was "conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules" in its February 7th 1876 edition.



Not sure they adapted (in the sense of changed) and re-wrote much in 1876 while they certainly did it later for the 1877 rules. Did they test it? Maybe they did, maybe not. Maybe the game itself was the test. Fact is that we have a contemporary testimony in the Montreal Gazette that the brand new Hockey Association rules were already known and used. That's a primary source hard to argue with.

The Gazette quote is not linked or integrated into a complete article. Nor is that issue of The Gazette available on Google Newspaper Archives.

Hockey Association could just as easily mean a local hockey association that arose. Not a copyrightable name or mark.

As admitted the 1861 rugby/football rules are similar and were readily available and unencumbered intellectual property.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
Where is the Rugby Influence?

We see what the original rules of hockey are. Where is the rugby influence?

Did rugby start with a bully? No, but field hockey did.

Did you score goals in rugby? No, but you did in field hockey.

Was rugby an onside game? Yes it was. But could you pass the ball laterally in rugby? No, but you could in field hockey. Indeed, could you pass the ball ahead, so long as your teammate was onside at the time of the pass in rugby? Certainly not! But you could in field hockey.

Where is this strong rugby influence? I don't see it.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
The Gazette quote is not linked or integrated into a complete article. Nor is that issue of The Gazette available on Google Newspaper Archives.
Go to the library then. I spent an awful lot of hours (and more than a few dollars) researching this subject, I'm sorry that not everything is available for you on google.

Hockey Association could just as easily mean a local hockey association that arose. Not a copyrightable name or mark.
Is that really what you want to go with? You want to suggest that it could be a coincidence, despite the fact that the rules texts are essentially identical? You think it's a coincidence that they refer to the Hockey Association in 1876, then in 1877 the rules are published and it turns out that the wording is taken directly from the English Hockey Association, verbatim in many places?

You think that's a possibility even worth mentioning?
 
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Theokritos

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Up until the day before, they had apparently intended to use a ball, the puck being an innovation.

I thought that was in 1875 (first recorded game) though, not 1876 (third game).

You want to suggest that it could be a coincidence, despite the fact that the rules texts are essentially identical? You think it's a coincidence that they refer to the Hockey Association in 1876, then in 1877 the rules are published and it turns out that the wording is taken directly from the English Hockey Association, verbatim in many places?

Yeah, that's not very realistic. If we didn't have the 1877 rules the idea that 'Hockey Association' could refer to anything else would be legit, but as it is we know for fact that those who authored the 1877 ice hockey rules knew the 1876 Hockey Association (London, England) rules, so the notion that English field hockey was beyond their horizon at that early time (relative to the first recorded field hockey game in Canada) doesn't hold water anyway.
 

Iain Fyffe

Hockey fact-checker
If we didn't have the 1877 rules the idea that 'Hockey Association' could refer to anything else would be legit
Indeed, that idea has been mentioned before. When Emanuel Orlick did his research in 1943, he saw the reference to the Hockey Association to mean that there was a hockey association in Montreal at that time. He did not have the information that I collected, however, and his conclusion was clearly erroneous.
 

Canadiens1958

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Collected Information

Indeed, that idea has been mentioned before. When Emanuel Orlick did his research in 1943, he saw the reference to the Hockey Association to mean that there was a hockey association in Montreal at that time. He did not have the information that I collected, however, and his conclusion was clearly erroneous.

Well your information is far from complete. The 1876 Gazette excerpt is not the complete article, so if you have the complete article support the bolded. Nor was any evidence presented of cross-checking against other Montreal newspapers French and English. French would be particularly interesting.

As for Orlick's claim. Does your information show that there were no hockey associations in Montreal in 1876?

Also you cannot say what information Orlick had with any certainty. You can comment on what he viewed as significant and used.
 
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Killion

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Well now isnt that interesting. At the bottom of that article, mentions that when Percy LeSueur started playing goal wearing Cricket pads around 1900, he was called a "Sissy" for doing so by some of the rough & ready types, protective equipment scorned & spurned by skaters altogether....

Whats also odd is that it was mentioned up-page that Percy had played Right Wing or Forward before playing goal, quite true, starting in 1903/04 with the Smith Falls Seniors. The regular goalie had fallen ill apparently & so Percy stepped in. So how is it that the newspaper article states that in 1900 Percy was being heckled for wearing pads when at that time he was purportedly still playing as a skater? That right there is a 3-4yr gap, and its important as I for one would like to know exactly when it was that goalies started wearing pads.
 

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