Listen up, as a former Navy SEAL... oh wait, is this not one of those copy-pasta things? Wait, this was a sincere post? Bwahahaha
Okay Hobey Baker, literally all three of those plays happen with players stopping and stepping back into a player bearing down on them, the positioning on the ice is irrelevant. A counter check or reverse hit is perfectly legal and that's why none of the aforementioned plays were remotely penalized. As the puck carrier you are entitled to issuing the same amount of hit as the guy driving in on you as he is to you.
To quote Ryan Whitney "That is not a penalty, that has never been a penalty, that's not even a penalty in the preseason." So why you might have scrapped the ice at Aliquippa South East Community Dental College I have several form NHL players (like guys that played in the league, nottttttttta big deal) that disrespectfully disagree.